He failed to prevent the Chairboys being relegated to the bottom tier of League football, and Wanderers languish 17th in the table despite starting the season among the promotion favourites.
In his 46 games in charge, he managed just nine League wins.
A club statement read: "(Adams) decided that, after failing to collect a win in the last nine League games, he would walk away while there is still time to turn things around.
"On Tuesday morning he met the players at the training ground and told them of his decision to go.
Adams said: "It is with regret that I resign from the post of manager due to personal reasons.
"I would like to thank everybody connected with Wycombe for the time I have spent with them.
"I believe the team is in early development and it saddens me to have to leave before finishing the job I started.